Stress Analysis of Maraging Steel Differential Gear using ANSYS

Abstract

The main purpose of this project paper is to focus on stress analysis of differential gear. For power transmitted from the engine to the rear wheels the differential gear is used. In a Vehicles, the differential gear provides equal power to all drive wheels while allowing each driving wheel to turn at a different angle and different velocity. Basically, while turning around corners, wheels of an automobile spin at differing velocity. Differential gears fails when tooth tension exceeds its safety limit. Therefore, the maximum capacity at the specified load should be determined. Gears analysis is done to minimize stress on gear teeth and prevents the gear to failure. The purpose of this project is to compare the results obtained on different materials (i.e., Maraging steel, aluminium alloy, cast steel) and achieve a suitable material for Differential Gear without any failure using ANSYS and Solid Works software.

Introduction

I. INTRODUCTION

This project’s motive directed towards determining the outcome of meshing gear tooth stresses and deformation by creating the virtual 3D model of a differential gear assembly. The analysis is done in ANSYS Work Bench and designed using Solid Works software. The differential gear permits each one of the driving roads wheels in automobiles to spin at different velocity, whereas for almost all vehicles providing equivalent rotational force to each one of them. Wheels of a vehicle rotate at various velocity, basically while turning around corners. To transfer the power from engine to the hind wheels, a differential gear is used. For running a set of two wheels with equivalent rotational force, a differential gear is specifically designed although letting them to spin at differing velocity. The differential gears are the part of the ultimate drive assembly. The purpose is to rotate the innermost wheels at differing velocity every time the automobile takes turn from straight track and as well to permit equivalent torques on every one of the wheels, even though when they revolving at dissimilar speeds.

The innermost wheel needs to travel less distance than the outermost wheel, while turning around corners, thus without differential, the outcome is the innermost wheel will be spinning and the outermost wheel will be hauling, and that arises in burdensome controlling and harm the tires on road and difficulty on whole driving systems.

For design analysis in mechanical engineering Ansys is an essential software. Ansys is a software which is used to design a parts and structure or component by analysis the design. It is automation application by this we can easily calculate the stresses generated in component and failure conditions as well as which is completely integrated with ProEngineer. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is utilized by this software to simulate the working circumstances of the designs and forecast their behaviour. Powered by instant solvers, Ansys makes it feasible for designers to instantaneously look over the probity of their designs and search for the best solution. 

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

III. RESEARCH GAP

1. The study shows that differential gear fails due to spalling, abrasive wear, excessive wear, pitting, frosting breakage.
2. So far, the material used in manufacturing of differential gears is grey cast iron (having elongation 0.1 - 0.5% & tensile strength 410 – 560 MPa), aluminium alloy (having elongation 12 - 25% & tensile strength 690 – 910 MPa) with respective properties eventually it also fails in certain condition.
3. Hence in this project we make a virtual model of the differential gear and does the analysis by compare the material i.e., cast iron & aluminium alloy with maraging steel (having elongation 5 – 12%, tensile strength 1500 – 2500 MPa and value at 0.2% proof stress = 1900 MPa). The composition of maraging steel is 18% Ni, 12% Co, 3.5% Mo, 1.8% Ti, 0.15% Al and rest iron.

IV. PROBLEM STATEMENT

The following problems due to which Gear failures: -

1. Fatigue Fracture
2. Interference
3. Surface erosion

When the tooth tension exceeds the safety limit the gears break down occur. Therefore, the maximum capacity of gear at the specified load should be determined. To minimize the stresses on gear teeth and prevent from failure gears are inspected & analysis should be done. When failures occur, they are costly in costs associated with machine downtime, but also in terms of replacement and repair costs, they belong to the system part.

We have taken following materials for performing the analysis i.e., Maraging steel, aluminium alloy, cast steel. For manufacturing of gears and gears shafts currently Grey Cast Iron, Cast Steel material is used. Therefore, in this project we are checking as the other material for the differential gear box.

V. OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK

The main purpose of the project is to make a virtual 3D model of Differential Gear using SolidWorks and analysis the design model using Ansys Workbench 17.2.  To compare the results obtained on different materials (i.e., Maraging steel, aluminium alloy, cast steel) and achieve a suitable material for Differential Gear without any failure.

IX. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Cooperation & coordination helps in completion of any work, and together efforts of some sources of knowledge. We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our guide Mr. Puneet Bhatia, who helped us in making of the virtual 3D model. And also, we are thankful for the assist contributed by Mechanical Engineering Department of Buddha Institute of

Technology, GIDA (Gorakhpur) in terms of computer and software’s. Without their active guidance, help, cooperation and encouragement we would not have made headway in this paper.

Conclusion

1) By the comparison between Maraging steel and Cast iron, Aluminium Alloy; Maraging steel is superior material for manufacturing of gears in differential gearbox due to its excellent strength. 2) From a result we conclude that maraging steel have less deformation and bear more stress in comparison to other material. 3) So that we achieve a suitable material for Differential Gear without any failure. 4) We use this material in manufacturing of Differential Gear.

References

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Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Ram Krishna Singh , Pragya Awasthi , Savitri Singh, Ashutosh Kumar , Puneet Bhatia. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.